Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors demonstrate a versatile platform for bioprocess applications. These reactors utilize loosely packed hollow fibers as the transmembrane element, offering high surface area for interaction. The structure of the fibers enables efficient circulation of both material and output. Applications of hollow fiber membrane bio

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) constructed from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have demonstrated effective results in wastewater treatment applications. This article explores a detailed performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors, analyzing key parameters such as system fouling, effluent quality, and energy consumption. The research

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) system has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its ability to achieve high removal efficiencies of organic matter, nutrients, and Membrane bioreactor suspended solids. MBRs integrate a biological reactor with a membrane separation unit, effectively combining the advantages of conventional activa